Skip to main content

Fourth Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June 2022BotanySpecial Paper II - ElectiveBO 242 a: BIOTECHNOLOGY

Reg. No.:
Name:

N-6273
Fourth Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, June 2022
Botany
Special Paper II - Elective
BO 242 a: BIOTECHNOLOGY

Time: 3 Hours
(2019 Admission Onwards)
Max. Marks: 75

1.Instruction: Draw diagrams and illustrate with examples wherever necessary.
Answer the following questions.


1.What are the desirable features of a cloning vehicle?
2.What is a palindrome?
3.What is the significance of Ori C site?
4.What is the actual function of restriction enzymes in a bacterial system? 
5.Name any two bacteria and fungi used for alcohol fermentation.
6.What is a starter culture?
7.What are adapters?
8.What are probes?
9.What is biopiracy?
10. Define cybrids.


(10 x 1 = 10 Marks)

II. Answer the following questions in not more than 50 words. 

11. (a) Why is callus culture a prerequisite for somaclonal variations?
OR
(b) How is virus elimination done via plant tissue culture?

12. (a) How is aeration maintained in a bioreactor?
OR
(b) What are the methods available for the microbial production of citric acid? 

13. (a) What is the use of HAT medium?
Or
(b) What is a selectable marker?

14. (a) How is the enzyme polygalacturonase manipulated in flavr savr tomato?
OR
(b) What is bioaugmentation? Explain.


15. (a) What are the methods used for isolation of protoplasts? Explain.
OR
(b) What is the significance of liposomes in gene transfer?

III. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words. 

16. (a) Discuss various direct gene transfer methods.
OR
(b) Distinguish between RAPD and RFLP.
17. (a) Give an account on transposons.
OR
(b) List any five applications of biotechnology in medicine.


18. (a) Discuss the production of organic acids by microbial fermentation.
OR
(b) Write an account on cDNA library.

19. (a) Describe the steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction.
OR
(b) Comment on Sanger's dideoxy method of DNA sequencing.


20. (a) Discuss the social and ethical issues related to transgenic research.

Or
(b) Elaborate on hairy root culture.

21. (a) Describe the procedure of monoclonal antibody production.
OR
(b) Write an account on cell immobilization techniques.

22. (a) Give an account on vectors used in genetic engineering.
OR
(b) Describe the replication of DNA n bacteria.

IV. Answer the following in not more than 250 words.

23. (a) What are molecular markers?
 Explain various markers and their importance in genetic engineering.
OR
(b) Describe in detail the microbial production of enzymes and antibiotics.

24. (a) Write a detailed account on Genetically modified crops by citing any two examples.
OR
(b) Discuss the design and types of bioreactors.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular Posts

••CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE - FRITSCH

      MODULE -1       PHYCOLOGY  CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE - FRITSCH  ❖F.E. Fritsch (1935, 1945) in his book“The Structure and  Reproduction of the Algae”proposed a system of classification of  algae. He treated algae giving rank of division and divided it into 11  classes. His classification of algae is mainly based upon characters of  pigments, flagella and reserve food material.     Classification of Fritsch was based on the following criteria o Pigmentation. o Types of flagella  o Assimilatory products  o Thallus structure  o Method of reproduction          Fritsch divided algae into the following 11 classes  1. Chlorophyceae  2. Xanthophyceae  3. Chrysophyceae  4. Bacillariophyceae  5. Cryptophyceae  6. Dinophyceae  7. Chloromonadineae  8. Euglenineae    9. Phaeophyceae  10. Rhodophyceae  11. Myxophyce...
Post a Comment
Read more

Genetically modified microbes - biodegradation, biopesticides, bioremediation, mineral leaching and biofertilizers.

 Genetically Modified Microbes (GMMs) covering biodegradation, biopesticides, bioremediation, mineral leaching and biofertilizers.  Genetically Modified Microbes (GMMs) Introduction Genetically Modified Microbes (GMMs) are microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast or algae whose genetic material has been altered using recombinant DNA technology to enhance or introduce desirable traits. These microbes are engineered to improve efficiency, specificity and speed of biological processes useful in agriculture, industry and environmental management. GMMs play a vital role in sustainable development by reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and polluting industrial processes. 1. Genetically Modified Microbes in Biodegradation Definition Biodegradation is the microbial breakdown of complex organic pollutants into simpler, non-toxic substances. Role of GMMs Natural microbes often degrade pollutants slowly. Genetic modification enhances: Enzyme activity Substrate sp...
Post a Comment
Read more

Protein Structure Database (PDB)

Protein Structure Database (PDB) Introduction The Protein Structure Database (PDB) is the primary global repository for the three-dimensional (3D) structures of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and protein–ligand complexes. These structures are determined experimentally using techniques like X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM). PDB plays a vital role in understanding: Protein structure and function Molecular interactions Drug discovery and design Structural biology and bioinformatics History and Development Established in 1971 Founded by Brookhaven National Laboratory (USA) Initially contained only 7 protein structures Now maintained by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) Members of wwPDB RCSB PDB (USA) PDBe (Europe) PDBj (Japan) BMRB (Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank) Objectives of PDB To collect, store, and distribute 3D structural data of biomolecules To provide free and ope...
Post a Comment
Read more