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••CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE - FRITSCH

      MODULE -1       PHYCOLOGY  CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE - FRITSCH  ❖F.E. Fritsch (1935, 1945) in his book“The Structure and  Reproduction of the Algae”proposed a system of classification of  algae. He treated algae giving rank of division and divided it into 11  classes. His classification of algae is mainly based upon characters of  pigments, flagella and reserve food material.     Classification of Fritsch was based on the following criteria o Pigmentation. o Types of flagella  o Assimilatory products  o Thallus structure  o Method of reproduction          Fritsch divided algae into the following 11 classes  1. Chlorophyceae  2. Xanthophyceae  3. Chrysophyceae  4. Bacillariophyceae  5. Cryptophyceae  6. Dinophyceae  7. Chloromonadineae  8. Euglenineae    9. Phaeophyceae  10. Rhodophyceae  11. Myxophyce...

Genetically modified microbes - biodegradation, biopesticides, bioremediation, mineral leaching and biofertilizers.

 Genetically Modified Microbes (GMMs) covering biodegradation, biopesticides, bioremediation, mineral leaching and biofertilizers.  Genetically Modified Microbes (GMMs) Introduction Genetically Modified Microbes (GMMs) are microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast or algae whose genetic material has been altered using recombinant DNA technology to enhance or introduce desirable traits. These microbes are engineered to improve efficiency, specificity and speed of biological processes useful in agriculture, industry and environmental management. GMMs play a vital role in sustainable development by reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and polluting industrial processes. 1. Genetically Modified Microbes in Biodegradation Definition Biodegradation is the microbial breakdown of complex organic pollutants into simpler, non-toxic substances. Role of GMMs Natural microbes often degrade pollutants slowly. Genetic modification enhances: Enzyme activity Substrate sp...