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Third Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, March 2025 Botany BO 231: PLANT BREEDING, HORTICULTURE AND BIOSTATISTICS


Third Semester M.Sc. Degree Examination, March 2025   Botany

BO 231: PLANT BREEDING, HORTICULTURE AND BIOSTATISTICS
Time: 3 Hours
(2019 Admission Onwards)


1.Answer the following questions.

1.Give two examples of primary introductions of wheat in India.
2.Define ideotype breeding.
3.Comment on Triticale.
4.Name the crop research institute for spices in Kerala. Where is it located?
5.Define pruning. Mention its types.
6.Name any two major cut flowers in world trade.
7.Where is the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden located?
8.What is a histogram?
9. Distinguish between sampling errors and non-sampling errors.
10. What is meant by a normal distribution?
(10 × 1 = 10 Marks)


II. Answer the following questions in not more than 50 words.

11. (a) Differentiate between genetic and cytoplasmic male sterility.
                OR
(b) Mention the different steps in plant introduction. What do you meant by 'EC
'IC' and '1W?


12. (a) Distinguish between alien addition lines and alien substitution lines.
             OR
(b) Briefly summarize the effects of inbreeding.

13. (a) Comment on the role of mist chambers in horticulture.
               OR
(b) What are orchards? Mention the various layout systems used for establishing an orchard.
14. (a) Why is NPK important in horticulture?
                 OR
(b) List out the plants suitable for vertical gardens with special reference to outdoors/exterior green walls.


15. (a) Briefly outline the classification of data based on the level of information.
          OR
(b) Differentiate between Type I and Type II errors.
(5 x 2 = 10 Marks)

III. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

16. (a) Compare the methods of mass selection and Pureline selection.
OR
(b) Distinguish the differences between bulk and pedigree methods of breeding


17. (a) Describe the objectives and procedures of mutation breeding. Add a note on the achievements of mutation breeding in India.
                     OR
(b) Explain allopolyploids with suitable examples. Add a note on their
applications in crop improvement.

18. (a) Describe the different methods of lawn making.
                  OR
(b) Outline the principles of landscaping.

19. (a) Give a brief account of the major Botanic gardens in India.
            OR
(b) Explain the artificial methods of vegetative propagation used in horticulture citing suitable examples.


20. (a) Give an account of probability distributions. Distinguish between symmetric and asymmetric probability distributions.
              OR
(b) Critically evaluate the different methods of sampling adopted for data collection.


21. (a) Briefly outline the steps involved in hypothesis testing. Add a note on the statistical test which is used to test the hypothesis that the observed frequency distribution fits (or conforms to) some expected distribution.
OR
(b) Explain the method you have studied for testing the hypothesis that means of three or more populations are equal.


22. (a) Compare and contrast correlation with regression analysis.
              OR
(b) Explain the principles of Bonsai making. Add a note on different styles of
Bonsai.
(7 x 5 = 35 Marks)



IV. Answer the following questions in not more than 250 words.


23 (a) Describe the major principles of experimental designs. Explain the different
methods of experimental designs with layout. Add a note on the  advantages and disadvantages of each method.
                    OR

(b) Explain the major components and designs of a garden. Add a note on
different types of gardens.

24. (a) Describe the various stages involved in seed certification. Characterize the
different classes of seeds.

OR
B) Describe the sources of disease resistance and methods of breeding for disease resistance. Distinguish between resistance and tolerance host reactions.
(2 x 10 = 20 Marks)










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